the	vast	range	of	new
commodities	now	on	offer,	had
represented	the	Americanization	of	the
world,	a	process	which	in
some	respects	frightened	but	also
successfully	seduced	those	countries	where
it	had	been	possible	to
maintain	traditional	forms	of	bourgeois
democracy.	Since	then	a	third
form	has	been	established,	through
the	rational	combination	of	these
two,	and	on	the	basis
of	a	general	victory	of
the	form	which	had	showed
itself	stronger:	the	diffuse.	This
is	the	integrated	spectacle,	which
has	since	tended	to	impose
itself	globally. Whereas	Russia	and	Germany
were	largely	responsible	for	the
formation	of	the	concentrated	spectacle,
and	the	United	States	for
the	diffuse	form,	the	integrated
spectacle	has	been	pioneered	by
France	and	Italy.	The	emergence
of	this	new	form	is
attributable	to	a	number	of
shared	historical	features,	namely,	the
important	role	of	the	Stalinist
party	and	unions	in	political
and	intellectual	life,	a	weak